When the plow works, it mainly relies on the plow body surface composed of the plow share and the plow wall. First, the plow share cuts out the soil, and then the soil is broken and flipped along the plow wall, covering the weeds on the surface below.

The plowshare plow body is composed of a plowshare, plow wall, plow side plate, plow support, plow column, etc. The plowshare and plow wall form the working surface of the plow body (referred to as the plow body surface), and form horizontal cutting edges (bowl edges) and vertical cutting edges (coat edges) to complete the process of soil insertion, cutting, crushing, and soil plowing, enabling the exchange between the surface soil layer and the bottom soil layer. The plow side plate is fixed to the plow bracket with countersunk screws. The plow column is used to connect the plow body and the frame together.

(1) Plow share: mainly used for inserting and cutting soil, guiding the cut soil into the plow wall. Ploughshares are easily worn parts, so they are mostly made of 65 manganese steel and 65 rare earth silicon manganese steel with good wear resistance.

There are three common types of plowshares: chisel shaped, trapezoidal, and triangular.

a) Chisel shaped plowshare: divided into parts such as plowshare tip, plowshare wing, plowshare blade, plowshare surface, etc. The plow head is chiseled in shape, extending downwards for 10-14 ram, and some even protrude 5-10 mm towards uncultivated land, making the structure more complex. When working, the plow blade first enters the soil, then the plow blade horizontally cuts the soil, and the soil layer rises along the plow surface to the plow wall. The rear end of the plow blade is the plow wing, which is one of the landing points of the plow body. From this point, a perpendicular line is drawn towards the plow side plate, and its distance is the width of a single plow. Chisel shaped plows are easier to penetrate into the soil and work more stably, making them suitable for use in sticky and heavy soil. Some have materials stored on the back for repair after wear and tear.

b) The trapezoidal plowshare blade is a straight line, and the entire shape is trapezoidal. Compared with chisel shaped plowshares, the soil penetration is poor, and the plowshare tip is prone to wear and tear, but the structure is simple and manufacturing is easier.

c) A triangular plowshare is generally an isosceles triangle with two symmetrical blades. This type of plow is the most commonly used form of animal powered plow in China, because its side pressure is small, which helps to support the plow, and the handle can be shaken to adjust the depth and width of plowing, making it easier to remove soil. The grate plow of a walking tractor also uses this type of plowshare. The disadvantage of this type of plow is that the bottom of the ground is easily wavy after cultivation, forming an uneven trench bottom.

(2) Plow wall: The plow wall is a smooth and complex surface designed according to certain rules, located at the upper rear of the plow row, and plays a role in cutting, flipping, and crushing soil.

An extension plate can be installed at the back of the plow wall to ensure the soil turning performance when the plowing probe increases. In normal cultivation, the extension board should be parallel to the lower edge of the plow wall, and can be adjusted according to the soil turning situation during deep cultivation. To prevent grass from hanging on the plow column, a grass blocking board can be installed on the upper part of the plow wall. The back of the plow wall can also be equipped with support rods to enhance the stiffness of the plow wall.

According to the structural form of the plow wall, it can be divided into integral, combined, and grid type. The integral plow wall is made of low-carbon steel stamping and undergoes heat treatment such as carburization. It has the advantages of simple structure and convenient installation. Combination plow wall is a method of removing and replacing easily worn embryo blades and chest parts separately to reduce usage costs. The grid type plow wall is made into a grid shape to reduce the contact between the plow wall and the soil, making it easy for the plow wall to detach and reducing the working resistance of the plow. Suitable for cultivation in rice fields or sticky soil.

The shape of the plow surface directly affects the on-site quality. Based on design parameters and methods